Finance - 2344 Words

SECOND CITY OPTIONS: A Case Study on Index Options[1] Don M. Chance and Michael L. Hemler (Version: August 30, 2011) Second City Options (SCO) is a small firm that specializes in option trading. Employing 35 people, SCO is located on LaSalle Street in the Chicago financial district. It is a member firm of the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), where it trades options on stocks and stock indices. It is also a member firm of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group (CME Group), where it trades options on futures and the underlying futures contracts. SCO trades for itself and a number of corporate and individual clients. In addition, it provides general advice to other clients who trade for themselves. SCO was founded in 1975, two†¦show more content†¦Consequently, SCO has significantly upgraded and modernized its computer system. Furthermore, it has hired Carla Shilling, a derivatives specialist who recently graduated from a major Midwestern business school. Her mandate is to improve the firms trading profits by utilizing her expertise in option valuation. The Market Outlook Before making any recommendation regarding strategies, Shilling must finalize her opinion of how the economy and stock market will perform over the next few months. The date is July 2, 2007. Over the last six months the SP 500 has ranged from 1374.12 to 1539.18, closing at 1503.35 at the end of June. Investors seem worried about an impending credit crunch, even though problems at two Bear Stearns hedge funds that own collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) based on subprime mortgage debt appear to be contained. The economy has slowed with consumer pessimism high, reflecting a weak housing market combined with credit worries. For the last two months personal income has declined after adjusting for inflation. The Federal Reserve has focused on rising inflation. The Federal Open Market Committee, the Feds policy-setting arm, left interest rates unchanged in its June 27–28 meeting, keeping the Fed funds target level at 5.25% for the ninth time in the past twelveShow MoreRelatedFin ance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial manager differ from the traditional financial manager? Does the modern financial managers role differ for the large diversified firm and the small to medium size firm? The traditional financial manager was generally involved in the regular finance activities, e.g., banking operations, record keeping, management of the cash flow on a regular basis, and informing the funds requirements to the top management, etc. But, the role of financial manager has been enhanced in the todays environment;Read MoreFinance1074 Words   |  5 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE COURSE CORPORATE FINANCE 2.1 Working Capital Management Sept. 2014 Ir Frank W. van den Berg mba Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam ALYX Financial Consultancy bv, Aerdenhout FWvdB/2014 1 OUTLINE CORPORATE FINANCE FWvdB/2014 †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Basics Guiding principles †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Time value of money + Capital Budgeting †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of CF + Bonds †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of shares (+ co.’s) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Analysis (Ratios) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Planning (EFN) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ à  Ã¯Æ'   Working Cap. Mgt. (A/R,Read MoreThe Finance1054 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires intentional short-term and long-term planning. 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(1985), long-term finance provi ders are more likely to focus on the matter whether the financial structure in the company is sound or not and the durability of profitabilityrather than temporary profits that a potentiallyRead MoreFinance, Economics, And Finance Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesalso studied business, management, economics, and finance. These courses impressed upon me the importance of the financial sector in the economy. Finance professionals have the unique responsibility of managing assets and analyzing risks to ensure the future success of a company or organization. It is difficult to overstate the importance of this role, as the financial crisis of 2009 showed. It is due to my understanding of the importance of finance and investment, coupled with my longstanding interestRead MoreFinance : Finance A Carry Trade1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) Th e country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicatedRead MoreFinance, Banking And Finance Industry2170 Words   |  9 Pagescomplete your transaction and move on with your day. The last thing on your mind is how that transaction is taking place. You don’t care what happens behind the scenes as long as your money is where it needs to be and is safe. As the banking and finance industry has transformed, so has the process of how your money is handled. To accompany those changes, regulators and lawmakers create laws designed to protect consumers, banks, and the economy as a whole. As you will learn, the history of the bankingRead MoreFinance : Finance A Carry Trade Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages In finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) The country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicatedRead MoreFinance998 Words   |  4 PagesPlant Improvements Total Investments: total investment in plant and equipment brought forward from the Production spreadsheet. Sales of Plant and Equipment : total sales of plant and equipment brought foraad from the Production spreadsheet. Common Stock * Shares Outstanding: The number of shares of common stock in the hands of shareholders. Reflect any issue/ retire stock transaction at the beginning of this year * Price Per Share: stock price as of yesterday’s close. Stock will be issuedRead MoreInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

Causes of Sleep Deprivation in Western Cultures - 582 Words

In Western cultures, the biggest cause of sleep deprivation is stress mostly as a result of being sick, overworking and shift working, drugs, or examinations (Pinel, 2014). Sleep loss can lead to impairment in decision-making. Two studies have been conducted that look at twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation and focus on the effect it has on making complex decisions. Essentially, what is the effect of total sleep deprivation in decision-making? In 2009, David Schyner and his colleagues had the opportunity to subject fifteen participants to a total of twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation. They set up their experiment by asking participants to make a decision between two choices and then again between three choices. After a day of sleep loss, researchers found that participants showed a decreased ability to make integrative decisions between two choices, and the three choice tasks were significantly harder to make more so than the two choice task. And MRI of the participants showed an overall decrease in five regions of the brain versus a full night’s rest in terms of task-specific activity. Affected brain areas were the superior parietal lobe, which functions in spatial orientation; the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, which, respectively, function in self-awareness in coordination with senses and processing higher information; the orbital frontal, the cognitive aspect of processing decision-making; and the inferior and medial polar frontal, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Causes of Sleep Deprivation1096 Words   |  4 PagesIn Western cultures, the biggest cause of sleep deprivation is stress mostly as a result of being sick, overworking and shift working, drugs, or examinations (Pinel, 2014). Sleep loss can lead to impairment in decision-making. Two studies have been conducted that look at twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation and focus on the effect it has on making complex decisions. Essentially, what is the effect of total sleep dep rivation in decision-making? In 2009, David Schyner and his colleagues had theRead MoreLiterature Research and Essay: Sleep Deprivation and Cardiovascular Disease4518 Words   |  18 PagesWhat is the recent evidence that links sleep deprivation with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Introduction Recently, many epidemiology studies were conducted to find out the effect of sleep deprivation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sleep deprivation is a concern for the working population especially the shift-workers. If sleep deprivation leads to cardiovascular diseases, they are at higher risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarctionRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay3848 Words   |  16 PagesAbstract Sleep is one of our basic needs to survive, however in the modern days sleep deprivation in increasing more and more each day, causing accidents and medical problems for the people and the community. This essay will look at the meaning of sleep and sleep deprivation and the basic perspectives on what motivates sleep and sleep deprivation with the five perspectives; evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive and the hierarchy of needs. This essay will also evaluate the best perspectiveRead MoreMajor Risk Factors for the Development of Anorexia Nervosa1280 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder themselves than those with no family history of the disease. This is due to a hereditary gene which is linked to abnormalities with the neurotransmitter chemical, Serotonin (Source, 2003). This chemical is an active participant in the control of sleep, memory, learning, mood, body temperature, muscle contraction, cardiovascular and appetite. People who suffer from abnormalities relating to t his neurotransmitter have an increased chance of developing high levels of serotonin. High levels of serotoninRead MoreEffects Of Deprivation On The Human Body1974 Words   |  8 PagesDeprivation of sleep has been linked to a variety of health issues from type II diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, to mental health issues such as depression (Porkka-Heiskanen, Zitting Wigren, 2013). The busy lifestyles of Western culture in the 21st century have increasingly deprived individuals of sleep. This could potentially be a contributing reason that there has been an increase of obesity in cultures such as that of the United States. But what makes humans sleep? Why, as a speciesRead MoreHuman Relationships With Considerations Of The Implications For Attachment Theory1594 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion: The role of culture in human relationships with considerations of the implications for attachment theory. Bowbly (1959) explains the child’s emotional regulation and attachment to the primary caretaker, as a result of the caretaker’s continues responsiveness and a strategy of the child to keep the primary caretaker close to ensure survival during evolutionary times. It adapts to fit into the appropriate evolutionary niche. This internal working model creates the four main types of attachment:Read MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Human And Animal Life1067 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology has setbacks. Though it has increased the speed of task performance, it has also equally harmed the society, and its considerable development has changed the way of life in different ways. In this paper, I am going to analyze the various causes and respective effects of the use of technology. In the quest of advancing this, the research paper shall draw from various current challenges that care attributed to technological advancement. It is true that technology advancement plays a significantRead MoreHolistic Medicine Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesMy topic is about how holistic medicine is used. I became interested in this topic because all I knew about medicine was the modern western practices. As an occupation when I am older I would like to go into the medical field. This influenced me to want learn about what other medical treatments were used and then I learn what holistic medicine is. All I know about holistic medicine is that it is an alternative form of healing and incorporates the entire person. Also, I know that there are manyRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell2096 Words   |  9 Pagesrights. Some people have described human rights as a ‘gift of the West to the Rest’. In this essay I will look at both aspects of this theory, to figure out whether human rights really do exist in full flow in the non-Western countries, and whether human rights have been violated in Western countrie s themselves. In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the plot of the book is worked around one quote†¦ â€Å"all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.† (Orwell, 1954). I believe that this quoteRead MoreFamily Health Assessment Essay2265 Words   |  10 Pagesthe healthy choices and ensure that every family member follows them. In a diverse family set up health promotion and prevention of disease takes place. These health choices and behaviors are influenced by the family’s values, beliefs, priorities, cultures and practices. Utilizing family-focused approach is a high priority, while providing appropriate family health care and support. Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns play a vital role in elaborating the various types of health patterns associated

Understanding the Effective Primary Science Learning Free Essays

In my experience the enthusiasm and appetency for acquisition of kids in their primary old ages is matchless which makes primary learning a truly fulfilling and honoring experience. However, high-quality instruction and good thought-out course of study development in these early old ages is important to kids ‘s success. With mentions to my ain experiences and through a critical analysis of the available literature, this paper will discourse how possible course of study development will heighten effectual primary learning with a specific focal point on the topic of scientific discipline. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Effective Primary Science Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will besides discourse some of the troubles in interpreting these constructs into pattern and see ways to get the better of these obstructions. Bettering a immature individuals ‘ apprehension of scientific discipline is cardinal to the authorities ‘s committedness to promote more kids to analyze scientific discipline. A good scientific discipline instruction is non merely of import for scientific literacy subsequently in life but by go oning to analyze scientific discipline throughout school, students open themselves up to a universe of possibilities ( Teachernet, 2009:1 ) . This committedness was ab initio exemplified through the debut of a National Curriculum in 1989 which asserted that compulsory scientific discipline instruction be brought into the primary sectors in England and Wales for the first clip. Science was placed alongside English and Mathematics in what became known as ‘the nucleus ‘ ( Sharp, J et Al. 2009:247 ) . However, from the beginning, it became clear that many schools had troubles in presenting the National Curriculum efficaciously. The course of study was viewed as excessively normative and overladen and hindered instructors ‘ ability to be originative and give adequate attending to the demands of kids with larning troubles. Assessment processs were besides debatable with a figure of instructors objecting to the National Curriculum trials ( DCSF, 2009:28 ) . To rectify the jobs associated with the National Curriculum there have been several alterations and reappraisals of it since its initial execution. For illustration, Sir Jim Rose ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:3 ) was invited to set about an ‘Independent reappraisal of the primary course of study ‘ with a position to doing some recommendations which will inform the new primary course of study to be introduced from September 2011. Indeed, a figure of writers have proffered suggestions for course of study development, the comparative virtues of which will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to the Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:9 ) the course of study that primary kids are taught must let them to bask childhood and develop the indispensable accomplishments and cognition which are the foundations for secondary instruction and ulterior life. To accomplish this, the new course of study must be informed by an apprehension of the meshing ways in which kids learn – physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially, and spiritually between the ages of 5 and 11. In add-on, a well-planned, dynamic course of study acknowledges that primary kids â€Å" love to be challenged and engaged in practical activities ; and they readily empathise with others through working together and through experiences in humanistic disciplines, literature, spiritual instruction and much else. Primary kids must non merely larn what to analyze, they must besides larn how to analyze, and therefore go confident, self-restraining persons † . Although the topic of scientific discipline ( and most other topics ) has antecedently been content-driven, in position of the above paragraph it is possibly non surprising that recent course of study developments seem to be embracing a more holistic attack equilibrating ‘content ‘ with ‘process ‘ and concentrating on accomplishments development every bit good as the acquisition of cognition. This recent development is likely to hold been influenced by instructors concern that because the bing course of study has so much prescribed content they do non hold clip to learn it in deepness, or for kids to consolidate their acquisition. Consequently, a cardinal demand of this reappraisal is to cut down overload by â€Å" reexamining the current programmes of survey so that schools have greater flexibleness to run into students ‘ single demands and construct on their anterior acquisition † ( DCSF, 2009:10 ) . A greater focal point on ‘process ‘ enables kids to go more involved in hands-on activity and practical work and encourages kids to research their ain and others ‘ thoughts. Concept function, group work, utilizing computing machine plans, function drama, field work and authorship are besides of import vehicles for assisting kids develop their ain thoughts ( Wynne, 1999:14 ) . Indeed, promoting echt collaborative group activity is of import to accomplishing the sort of interchange that encourages thoughts ( Barnes, 1976, cited in Wynne, 1999:58 ) . Harmonizing to Barnes ( 1976:31 ) â€Å" Talk and authorship provide agencies by which kids are able to reflect upon the bases upon which they are construing world and thereby change them † . Henderson ( 1994, cited in Wynne, 1999:58 ) has suggested several schemes for advancing group coaction and category treatment, including: groups researching a subject and showing their findings ; groups be aftering an probe and sharing their thoughts. Another recommendation made by the Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:46 ) can enable greater flexibleness for instructors, increase enjoyment and better acquisition development for students. Harmonizing to Ofsted and the QCA study ( DCSF, 2009:12 ) some of the most effectual acquisition occurs when connexions are made between topics. This is supported by Millar and Osborne ( 1998, cited in Sharp and Grace, 2004:313 ) who assert that uranology for illustration, can supply the ‘explanatory narratives ‘ that integrated whole sets of science-related every bit good as modern-day and historical instance surveies, and these narratives provide a cross-curricular tool for doing those constructs more memorable. A little rural Shropshire primary school is a specific illustration of successful cross-curricular activity in schools. In this school the environment was often used for a broad scope of out-of-door chases, such as field surveies of home grounds, forestry direction, and the landscape which brought together elements of geographics, scientific discipline and history ( DCSF, 2009:42 ) . My school excessively uses the out-of-doorss creatively for turning and analyzing workss and this has proved to be a really gratifying and successful acquisition experience for students. Cassop Primary School ( DCSF, 2009:48 ) is besides an first-class illustration of a school which has been able to unite topics to the enjoyment and advancement of students and lend significantly to the environment. The school is the first wind-powered school in the UK and its environmental programme has helped to heighten acquisition in scientific discipline and engineering and environmental apprehension so that â€Å" students are able to explicate clearly the scientific discipline underpinning the engineering, while as a focal point for larning they develop accomplishments in question, concluding and creativeness † . This enables kids to set up good attitudes to larning ( DCSF, 2009:49 ) and facilitates the ability to larn non merely what to analyze, but besides how to analyze as portion of a rewarding procedure. Another recommendation is to utilize drama in a productive and meaningful manner to heighten kids ‘s cognition of scientific discipline. The Rose reappraisal received many petitions from parents to supply more chances for exploratory, well-structured drama. Based on strong grounds, the interim study highlighted the importance of larning through drama for immature kids and proffered that the intents of drama in advancing acquisition should be made expressed and chances made to carry through them in the primary course of study ( DCSF, 2009:93 ) . It is of import to observe that these schemes are improbable to be implemented efficaciously without the full engagement of parents themselves. The Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:17 ) asserts that kids thrive best when parenting, the course of study and teaching method are all of high quality and has observed a figure of illustrations of instructors and parents partaking in informal treatment about kids. The Cambridge Review ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:20 ) besides recommends that kids themselves should hold a say in course of study design and planning. Lambeth Children and Young People ‘s Services suggested that the course of study needs to promote a more meaningful and relevant course of study, including our apprehension of how kids learn, and inquiring for their position and input in design. Gilbert et Al. ( 1982, cited in Sharp and Grace, 2004:313 ) support this position and assert that serious consideration should be devoted to understanding kids ‘s involvement and motive in the different content countries of scientific discipline. So far, this assignment has explored some of the schemes recommended by authorities and their part to the acquisition and development of kids through scientific discipline. However, there are a figure of obstructions within the instruction system which can smother the passage from policy to pattern and these will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to Roden ( 2000:31 ) ten old ages on from the execution of the National Curriculum there does look to hold been some important betterments. Children are accomplishing expected criterions of scientific discipline, as measured by public presentations on SAT ‘s trials and teacher appraisal at the terminal of Key Stage 2. However, in 2009, England has a statutory National Curriculum for the primary stage with non-statutory elements, which combines three nucleus topics, two of which ( mathematics and English ) are capable to separate agreements in chase of the ‘standards ‘ docket and take up half of the available instruction clip in structured lessons. The other seven statutory foundation topics and three non-statutory foundation topics are expected to be accommodated for during the other half of available instruction clip ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:5, 6 ) . In contrast to daily literacy and numeracy lessons speaking half of the available instruction clip, NAIGS estimated that clip devoted to scientific survey now equated to merely 1.5 hours a hebdomad at Key Stages 1 and merely 2 hours at KS2. This instruction tended to be limited to afternoon slots with small learning support ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:30 ) . Therefore, although the increased focal point on cross-curricular activiti es may let instructors to pass more clip on scientific chases within a tight timeframe, it can be really hard to guarantee that kids are provided with a good balance of both ‘process ‘ and ‘content ‘ oriented work particularly given the increased focal point on SATs.. Indeed, Hollins and Whitby ( 1998, cited in Roden, 2000:34 ) point out that although ‘process ‘ and ‘content ‘ are supposed to be given equal weighting, recent statutory educational duties have encouraged the usage of didactic methods of learning to the hurt of question acquisition which reduces chances for kids to widen their apprehension. Appraisal at Key Stage 1 and KS2 relies to a great extent on instructor appraisal which holds equal position with pronounced Standards Attainment Tests ( SATs ) . The focal point within SATs requires callback of factual information which has led to ‘teaching to the trials ‘ ( Roden, 2000:34 ) and I know I have been guilty of holding done the same thing myself because kids merely would non make good in trials otherwise. Another concern is the deficiency of assurance that primary instructors frequently have in learning scientific subjects. In a national study of 514 primary instructors in Scotland primary instructors were less confident about learning scientific discipline than about all other course of study countries and felt that their ain apprehension was non sufficient plenty to promote conceptual development in students ( Holroyd, 1996:323 ) . Newton and Newton ( 2009:45 ) , in their survey of 16 concluding twelvemonth pupils on a degree class taking to measure up instructor position in the UK besides found that constructs of school scientific discipline lessons were narrow, focused on chiefly practical probes of affair of fact, and included misconceptions. The analysis so far, has shown that although there are a figure of possible course of study developments which could lend to the academic development of the kid and heighten their enjoyment of acquisition, the limited sum of clip allowed for learning scientific discipline, the force per unit area to accomplish high criterions in assessment trials, and the deficiency of assurance and cognition of scientific topics characterised by some instructors, can impede the passage from policy to pattern. However, there are some schemes that can be implemented in order to get down to get the better of the challenges encountered by primary scientific discipline instructors and these will be explored in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to Wilson et Al. ( 2004:20 ) the impression that a more originative and ambitious attack will ensue in greater accomplishment in SATs was the footing of an Oxford Brookes University undertaking. It was felt that giving kids chances to build their ain apprehension would increase their enthusiasm for scientific discipline and assist them prosecute in the scientific procedure. This has clear resonance with ‘Excellence and Enjoyment ‘ ( DfES, 2003:1 ) a scheme for primary schools which opens with the words: â€Å" Children learn better when they are excited and engagedaˆÂ ¦.when there is joy in what they are making, they learn to love acquisition † . The undertaking involved 16 schools and two key instructors within each school. The cardinal countries that the undertaking focused on were: More focussed recording by the kids ; increased clip spent in treatment and argument of scientific thoughts ; more chances for practical probe ; and an increased accent on developing kids ‘s higher order thought ( Wilson et al. 2004:21 ) . The more focussed recording has released clip in lessons for making scientific discipline and treatment of the large thoughts which leads to further development of scientific cognition and accomplishments. In ‘Challenges in primary scientific discipline ‘ ( Coates and Wilson, 2003, cited in Wilson et Al. 2004:21 ) a short ‘bright thoughts ‘ slot into primary scientific discipline lessons is suggested. Promoting the kids to ‘think, brace and so portion ‘ for this slot encourages them to take clip to believe and improves deepnesss to their replies. As a consequence of the undertakings recommendations, 13 of the 16 schools showed a important addition in the per centum of kids accomplishing degree 5. Nationally, the per centum of kids achieving degree 5 in 2003 increased by 3 per cent, but 11 of the participating schools showed an addition much greater than this ( Wilson et al. 2004:21 ) . In decision, this assignment has critically assessed the available literature on possible course of study development for the sweetening of kids ‘s acquisition in primary scientific discipline. Recent reappraisals have recommended that primary scientific discipline learning be less content-led and more process-driven, advance the advantages of cross-curricular instruction and promote greater flexibleness in ‘what ‘ and ‘how ‘ scientific discipline is taught. There are a figure of illustrations to exemplify the effectivity of these attacks in primary schools. However, there are besides a figure of troubles associated with seeking to practically implement these schemes in an educational environment whereby many instructors lack the assurance and accomplishments to learn scientific discipline efficaciously, which still allocates limited clip for the instruction of scientific discipline and puts force per unit area on instructors to guarantee that students à ¢â‚¬Ëœ perform good in content-driven appraisal trials. The Oxford Brookes Project does propose some ways for scientific discipline instructors to believe creatively in this comparatively constricted environment and these have proved successful at developing the ‘whole ‘ kid and bettering academic attainment. However, such efforts are likely to stay bit-by-bit unless the position of scientific discipline is raised to be that of English and Mathematics ; clip is ring-fenced to supply adequate chance for practical work ; assessment trials place greater accent on appraisal accomplishments ; and more preparation is made available for instructors to better their scientific cognition and assurance. How to cite Understanding the Effective Primary Science Learning, Essay examples

Critical Essay On Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Example For Students

Critical Essay On Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Dr Siv Jansson argues that the balance of sympathy at the novels conclusion lies firmly in favour of the Creature. How far do you agree? In your answer you must refer to the ways in which Frankenstein is part of the Gothic tradition and how this affects the balance of sympathy. This essay will explore where the balance of sympathy lies at the end of the gothic literary novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley. This essay will also refer to Dr Siv Janssons essay, and other quotations, from both the text, and philosophers of the day. The novel Frankenstein has become a blueprint for any Gothic author. The novel itself contains many features of the Gothic, and these features most definitely sway the balance of sympathy throughout the novel. The dark, poetic imagery, and the multiple narrative structure also are factors in this. As this essay progresses, it will point out these factors, and determine their effect. The Creature shows tremendous amounts of compassion, sensitivity, articulacy and kindness. The reader can see these traits in Chapter 11 when the Creature begins his narrative. Soon a gentle light stole over the heavens, and gave me a sensation of pleasure. I stared up, and beheld a radiant form rise from among the trees. I gazed with a kind of wonder. It moved slowly, but enlightened my path.. .. innumerable sounds rung in my ears, and on all sides various scents saluted me: the only object I could distinguish was the bright moon, and I fixed my eyes on it with pleasure. From this extract the reader can see that the Creature has a sensitive, nai ve and childlike wonder at the world. The Creature creates beautiful visual imagery with descriptive language, as well as creating clear and romanticised images. At this point the reader feels sympathy, empathy and understanding towards the Creature. It is easier to form a bond with an articulate narrator than an inarticulate, or ignorant one. The Creature is obviously not as similar to a daemon, wretch, or monster as Victor Frankenstein makes him out to be. Although, as the multiple narrative structure demonstrates, the readers view changes as we get different perspectives from different narrators. This is an unusual way of getting across the different characters views, but it is used to great effect, as the reader empathises with whoever is the narrator at the particular moment in time. The Creature is created due to Frankensteins morbid thirst for knowledge. Physically, the Creature consists of dead body parts stitched together to become a man-made human, not the work of nature, hence the use of the word monster, in this case meaning unnatural. The making of his Creature breaks down the normally uncontrollable boundary between the living and the dead. Victor Frankenstein oversteps this boundary; the Creature is the consequence of Victors own twisted ambitions and unnerving arrogance. The whole topic of life and death is a great feature of the Gothic. Towards the end of the novel, we see Frankenstein does not change his ways. I have been occupied in examining my past conduct; nor do I find it blameable. He puts the last nail in his metaphorical coffin, so to speak, by saying I have myself been blasted in my hopes, yet another may succeed. By saying this, he is not repenting for his past actions. He is also saying he would wish luck for another to succeed. I think this is evidence of the novel being more in favour of the Creature.

Business Trip to Chile Cultural Aspects

Introduction The country is in South America, on the border of the South Pacific Ocean. Her neighbors include Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. This paper seeks to look at the cultural aspects of this country that may affect business operations.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Business Trip to Chile: Cultural Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural Aspects in Chile that Influence Business Every place has its peculiar cultural practices that dictate how people interact. Such interactions cover the social, cultural and political aspects of the society. Chile has several distinct cultural aspects that dictate how businesses operate. For one to do business in Chile, it is necessary to secure introduction by third parties into organizations like financial institutions. Secondly, it is hard to do business in January and February as these months, at the climax of summer, mark the vacation, which is quite popu lar with the locals. Front office operators, commonly known as secretaries are very influential when one wants to secure appointments with business people. As such, it is important to treat them with utmost care and respect as they can prevent one from meeting their employers. In addition, it is the practice in Chile to book appointments between two and three weeks in advance. The Chilean business people are generally punctual with an average lateness of twenty minutes. Overall, business operations in Chile are relatively slow considering that business people are naturally conservative in their thinking and take corporate ethics with a lot of seriousness. Concerning business dress code, Chileans prefer conservative and formal wear and any other mode of dressing like casual wear depicts disrespect. Bright attires that attract people’s attention can deny success to foreign business people. Chileans hate anyone who talks ill of their country and business people should avoid maki ng references that might kill the rapport necessary for business but should instead become familiar with the positive attributes of Chile’s historical journey.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Courtesy matters so much to most Chileans and as such, they hate interruptions during conversations and they may not always give an objective opinion as courtesy clouds everything. Foreign business people should maintain close proximity when conversing as keeping a distance provokes personal reactions. Chileans do not have a uniform preference for their titles and one should ask individuals what titles they prefer. Offering of expensive gifts to business people implies bribe and as such, this calls for less expensive gifts and gifts come long after the business people get very close to each other. As a rule, the gift should contain an enclosed card. In addition, Chileans pre fer business cards translated into Spanish. In business circles, the Chileans prefer close interactions and the ability to adapt to professional qualifications. Friendships and rapports are very essential for any business’ success. When it comes to negotiating a business deal, Chileans prefer straightforward negotiations where priorities and conditions take precedence. In addition, business people who operate outside Chile must grant their customers in Chile continuous business services and assurances as this removes the isolation mentality common among Chilean businesspersons that arises from their geographical position. Business people visiting and making deals with their Chile counterparts must understand that pact agreements are rigid and payments must be prompt. A handshake means much to a businessperson or any other Chilean and foreign business people should make efforts to offer firm handshakes to everyone one present at any time. Failure to exercise this depicts one a s proud and may lose business deals. Every business transaction must have a receipt. Conclusion Culture is the totality of how people live and interact in their political, social and economic life. Understanding the culture of a people makes it easier for a foreigner to adapt and live with the people as they do business together, socialize and participate in the political process of the society.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Business Trip to Chile: Cultural Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Global Edge. (2013). Chile: Culture. Retrieved from https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/chile/culture This term paper on Business Trip to Chile: Cultural Aspects was written and submitted by user Maddox K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

4 Top Tips for the Common App Honors Section

4 Top Tips for the Common App Honors Section SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you’re applying to college, each part of your application counts. You want to maximize every opportunity to make yourself stand out from the thousands of other applicants vying for a spot at the school of your dreams. One of the many places you can distinguish yourself is in the Common App Honors section. In this article, we’ll talk about what the Honors Common App section is and how to maximize it to show your best work. What Is the Honors Common App Section? You can find the Honors section in the Education section of the Common App. The instructions for this section are simple: you can list up to five honors in 100 characters or less. You’ll need to indicate the name of the honor, the years you received it, and the level of the honor: school, state/regional, national or international.A school-level award means that only the students in your school could qualify for that award. A national-level award means that students in your country could qualify for that award. The larger the pool of potential applicants, the more impressive your award will seem. You’ll want to lead with your most impressive awards first. What Count as Honors for the Common App? You might be wondering what should be listed in the Common App honors section and what should be listed elsewhere - in your activities, for example. In general, honors that are tied to your extracurricular activities should be listed in the activities section, while those that aren’t connected to a specific activity should be listed in the honors section. For example, if you earn a varsity letter for the football team, you can put that in the activities section, because it’s directly related to an activity at school. If you’re a National Merit Semi-Finalist, on the other hand, you’ll want to include that in academic honors, since it doesn’t easily tie to a specific activity. 4 Tips for What to Include in the Honors Common App Section You don’t have a ton of room on the Common App to list and describe your honors, so you should keep it brief and use the space allotted as strategically as possible. Here are tips for what to include and how to write in the Common App honors section. #1: Lead With Your Most Impressive Achievements You should lead with your most impressive achievements and make sure that only the best honors make it onto your application. Don’t, for instance, include that you were voted â€Å"Most Likely to Forget When Graduation Is† by your peers- stick to real honors that you had to compete to get. #2: Describe the Award If It’s Unclear While national awards like National Merit are self-explanatory and obvious to the admissions committee, city or school-level awards might not be. Use the 100 characters of space to describe what it is and why isn’t important, like so: â€Å"Julius Caesar Award for the Highest Latin Score in All of Rome.† You should avoid using acronyms unless they’re widely recognizable (think SAT-level recognizable); otherwise, they’ll just confuse the admissions committee and take away from your achievement. #3: Indicate the Level of Competitiveness Show off! Use your character limit to show why the award was important. If you won money, say so! If you were selected as one out of 15,000, own it! The more competitive you make the prize (particularly for city and school level honors), the more your application will stand out. #4: Be Honest It should go without saying, but don’t lie on your application just to make yourself sound better. Not only is that a scummy thing to do, it can result in some serious punishments. You’re already a stellar applicant - focus on your real achievements, rather than your fake ones. Recap: Filling Out the Common App Honors Section The Common App honors section is a great place to call attention to your different achievements. Don't be shy - celebrate the hard work you've done and the recognition you've received for said hard work! What’s Next? Wondering how to prepare for your college interview? Check out this list of college interview tips to be sure you know exactly what to prepare for during your interview. Headed to an interview soon? This list of questions to ask a college interviewer will help you get the most out of your experience. Are you worried about standardized tests and their role in your college application? Read this article to find out when these tests might not matter for you.Also take a look at this list of colleges that don't require SAT scores. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 17

Marketing - Essay Example In the past the marketing department was solely responsible for the marketing duties, this is no longer the case. An example of a company that has made marketing a responsibility of every employee is Westernbank Inc. This bank created a policy in which every member of is staff is required to place a huge bumper sticker with the company logo in the vehicle they drive. Greater emphasis is being place in satisfying customers to increase retention rates. Companies are receiving input from different members of the departments in the product design process. Organizational change is a major force that has influenced this new tendency. Companies have realized that teamwork is an important element of a successful business. A tendency in this new corporate environment is the reduction of suppliers. Companies used to have many suppliers in the past. The reasoning was that more suppliers would lead to better prices and more flexibility. Companies realized there is more value in creating a close relationship with a few suppliers. Building a close business relationship leads to better service from the supplier and access to a partner that will help you and accommodate your needs. Having fewer suppliers also is advantageous because it reduces the administrative work of having a lot of accounts. The tendency is aligned with the downsizing movement over the last twenty years. In the past business focused on creating everything they could themselves. In our new age businesses have changed their position tremendously. Outsourcing has become a widespread strategy in many organizations. A lot of components are being purchased in countries such as China that can manufacture at lower prices. A lot of business processes are being outsourced to countries such as India. India is the leading exporter of information technology and business processes in the world. The outsourcing trend has emerged due to economic forces and competition. The

Compare and Contrast Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Compare and Contrast Research Methods - Essay Example However, the genesis of any research work is pegged on identification of research topic that will in turn lead to applicable research method (Lee and Xia, 2011). The most commonly used research methods often fall under qualitative and quantitative research methods. Panel survey is a qualitative research method that compares well with other research methods especially in understanding business dynamics. Some of the methods include cohort survey, longitudinal studies, formal and in-depth studies, focused grouped discussion, and observational research methods. Panel survey is a research method that allows a researcher to determine the changes and reasons that may have caused such changes within a population (Jackson, 2011). This survey focuses on the study of the trend of people since the sample of people is expected to change over a certain period. The sample that is used in this kind of survey is humans, and it is called panel. For example, a researcher who wants to know the change in quality of goods and services might use the customers who use the targeted goods or services (Rubin and Babbie, 2010). The selected customers are the researcher’s sample. After selecting the sample, the researcher will contact the same set of customers over the period he wants to study or survey the trend in the quality of services targeted by an organization (Bryman, 2012). It is essential to note that the panel survey uses the same question for all data it designates to collect. The main advantage of the panel survey is that its results are extrem ely useful and offer specific explanations. However, the survey may be difficult to conduct because it is expensive and takes a long time within which sample ratio may be affected with other factors such as socio-economic, ethical, or even death. Persons or samples may drop out of the studies, and they are often referred to as attrition (Lee and Xia, 2011). Additionally, survey panel usually allows

GENETICS ASSISGNMENT (GENOGRAM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GENETICS ASSISGNMENT (GENOGRAM) - Essay Example Below is a three-generation genogram showing age, death, marriage, illness, abuses, and divorce status of the family. Genes, made of DNA bases, are the blueprint of inheritance (Skirton et al., 2005). Each individual has thousands of genes, with each individual inheriting a replica of the gene from their parents. The organization of genes is along string-like edifices called chromosomes and each individual receives 2-sets of 23 chromosomes one from their father and one from their mother (Tranin & Jenkins, 2003). Apparently, John has inherited the alcoholic habit from his father and Lois has inherited asthma from her father who had it as a recessive trait that developed from Lois’ paternal grandmother. A comprehensive DNA screening can be done to ascertain the exact level of alcoholism in John and maneuver on techniques of circumventing further alcoholism in the family (Jenkins & Lea, 2005). Additionally, John, Lois, and Rick can be subjected to patient education program where John will be taught on how to avoid alcohol, Lois on how to handle her asthmatic condition, and Rick on how to avoid becoming alcoholic or ascertain whether he is likely to be alcoholic in the future. John and Lois should learn on how to manage their situations rather than blaming their families for their medical conditions. However, it is ostensible that if the second generation (father in particular) had been subjected into programs that would enable them to effectively handle his conditions, the risks of asthma and alcoholism would have significantly been reduced in the third generation. Additionally, genetic testing for innate genetic variants should be performed to determine genetic risks for the third generations (Rick, Lois and John) progeny, diagnose the symptoms in John and Lois, and shed light on the appropriate treatment for John and Lois’s condition. Gene products, DNA, or chromosomes

Replacement of Existing Air-cooled Chiller Systems

Replacement of Existing Air-cooled Chiller Systems Replacement of Existing Air-cooled Chiller Systems by Water-cooled Chiller Systems in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong Introduction According to F.W.H. Yik, J. Burnett I.Prescott, the air-cooled chillers in Hong Kong are usually rated at an outdoor temperature of 35 oC and COP of the air-cooled chillers including the condenser fan power is ranging from 2.6 to 2.9. For a direct seawater-cooled chiller plant with seawater entering temperature of 27 oC, COP of the water-cooled chiller plant could achieve 4 to 5. As the electricity consumption for air-conditioning system in Hong Kong often accounts for a dominant portion of the operating cost of the shopping complexes, water-cooled air-conditioning systems are more preferable than air-cooled air-conditioning systems when space is sufficient for such installation and cooling water is available at low cost. In the past years, portable water supply was mainly imported from China and the reliability of this crucial water supply has been a major concern in Hong Kong. The use of fresh water in air-conditioning system was banned by Waterworks Regulations in Hong Kong and this discouraged the use of cooling towers in most commercial buildings including shopping complexes. Hence, air-cooled air-conditioning systems were prevalently installed in Hong Kong in the old days. In order to conserve electricity and to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by electricity generation, the Hong Kong Government has put effort and emphasis on exploring the feasibility and viability of facilitating buildings to use water-cooled air-conditioning systems instead of air-cooled air-conditioning systems. Pilot Scheme for Wider Use of Fresh Water for Evaporative Cooling Towers was launched in June 2000 by the Hong Kong Government. The scheme aims to promote the energy efficient water-cooled air-conditioning syst ems and to assess the impacts on infrastructure, health and environmental effects with an ultimate aim to facilitate territory-wide implementation of water-cooled air conditioning systems in Hong Kong. Technology of Water-cooled Chiller Systems in Commercial Buildings The air-conditioning systems in buildings work on refrigeration principles by using cooling medium to decrease the indoor air temperatures. In air-cooled air-conditioning systems, heat absorbed by the refrigerant is directly rejected to the ambient; whereas in water-cooled air-conditioning systems, either fresh water or seawater is used as a heat rejection medium. And heat absorbed by the refrigerant is rejected to the ambient by evaporation through cooling towers or by seawater discharging into the sea. There are three major schemes in water-cooled air-conditioning systems, namely, the cooling tower scheme, the central sea water scheme, and the district cooling scheme. In the cooling tower scheme, the air conditioning system uses evaporative cooling tower for heat rejection. Water in the cooling tower will be lost due to continuous evaporation, bleed-off and wind drift. The water lost would be replaced by water coming from the city water mains. In central sea water scheme, the air conditioning system uses seawater for heat rejection. A dedicated central sea water supply distributes seawater from the sea to the user building. The rejected warm sweater from the condenser will be returned to the sea via dedicated pipe. In district cooling scheme, chilled water is produced by central chilled water plant. Individual user purchases chilled water for their building from the district cooling scheme operator and do not need to install their own chiller plants. For this scheme, a central chiller plant, a pump house and a central distribution pipeline network would be required. Water-cooled air conditioning system rejects heat depending on the ambient wet-bulb temperature rather than the dry-bulb temperature, so the refrigerant can be cooled to a lower temperature. This results in a better system coefficient of performance (COP) and thus more energy efficient. The District Cooling Scheme and Cooling Tower Scheme are more efficient than conventional air-cooled system as much as 35% and 20% respectively in accordance with a study commissioned by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD). Pros and Cons for Application of Water-cooled Chiller Systems Equipped water-cooled chillers and cooling tower with VSD and optimize their operation by automation control system could effectively trim down the peak demand charge, optimize the chiller efficiency in off-design condition, and lead to a more efficient operation of the overall water-cooled air-conditioning system. Variable speed drive chiller compressor can be considered as replacement of traditional chiller in the future, as its cost has been gradually reduced. The VSD chiller compressor will allow the compressor to run at lower speed under part-load conditions, thereby yielding a lower compressor kW/ton rating under such situations than using conventional centrifugal chillers where part-load control is by controlling the inlet guide vanes. In the conventional chiller plant automation control system, it controls the cooling tower to open the valves and start the tower fan on one-to-one basis even in common header system. When the condensing water temperature drops, the required compressor head will reduce. The efficiency of the water-cooled chiller equipped with VSD will improve by 4 to 5% while the entering condensing water temperature drops by 1 oC. It, therefore, would be better to operate the idle cooling towers in lower speed in order to further lower the condensing water temperature for the water-cooled chillers so as to increase the efficiency of the chillers. Lower total fan power consumption and lower condensing water temperature are resulted. As a result, optimization of the chiller and cooling tower operation with automation control system as above would further increase efficiency of the water-cooled chiller plant. The operating strategy of the multiple chillers is also crucial to achieve efficient operation of the chillers. For multiple chillers operating at a part-load condition, the second chiller should not be brought on-line until the first one is up to a pre-determined capacity. Generally, the least energy is used by one chiller operating at 90% capacity as compared with that used by two chillers each operating at 45% capacity. Retrofitting the existing air-cooled chiller plant with new water-cooled chiller plant could usually rectify the problems of load mismatching, low reliability of the existing chiller plant. Additional benefit from the conversion of air-cooled to water-cooled chiller plant would be the improvement of system reliability and minimization of system downtime when all the water-cooled chillers are furnished with variable speed drive as the starters. In case of power loss, the restart time of chiller could be reduced from 30 minutes to 5 minutes when compared with the conventional and typical EM starter. Moreover, after the conversion of the water-cooled chiller, less power would be consumed which means less CO2 emission. This would reduce the green house effect. There are nonetheless some limitations and potential risks for replacing the existing air-cooled air-conditioning system with new water-cooled cooling tower system. Noise from cooling towers, stagnant water in dead legs of water pipe or in idle system, nutrient growth due to contamination from surrounding areas and exposure to direct sunlight, poor water quality such as Legionella count, deficiencies in cooling tower system, separation of the cooling towers and access to existing building/residents, and occupational safety and health issues are all have to be dealt with carefully during the design stage, the installation stage as well as the operation and maintenance stage. Appropriate cooling tower system design, regular and proper maintenance including water treatment to the cooling tower system, and annual audit are all necessary to minimize the potential risks from the cooling tower system. Also, conversion of the existing air-cooled chiller plant to water-cooled chiller plant takes up more spaces as the additional air-conditioning equipment including cooling towers, condensing water pumps, water tanks, condensing water pipes, etc. shall be incorporated into the system and all of the equipment and the structural supporting frames for cooling towers and water tanks require additional spaces. Like places in Hong Kong where it is so densely populated and space is very limited with very high land price, optimal utilization of building spaces is a very important factor which the landlords would consider. Model to Access Efficiency Improvement Implementation of Load-based Speed Control for System Optimization in Water-cooled Chiller Systems The system COP means the chiller load output divided by the total input power of the chiller, condenser water pump and cooling tower fan. For conventional operation of cooling towers, the fans are cycled on and off, or controlled at variable speed to maintain the temperature of cooling water leaving the tower at its set point. The condenser water pump is staged continuously to provide the chiller operating with the rated flow of condenser water for all loading conditions. In accordance with the studies performed by F. W. Yu and K. T. Chan, load-based control could be applied to enhance the energy performance of water-cooled chiller systems. Thermodynamic-behavior chiller and cooling tower models were developed to find out how the energy use varies for a chiller system operating under various controls of condenser water pumps and cooling tower fans. The optimum operation of the water-cooled chiller systems could be obtained via the load-based speed control which the speed of the cooling tower fans and the condenser water pumps is regulated as a linear function of the chiller part load ratio. It resembles the typical sequencing of chillers based on their load conditions and without the need of high quality humidity sensors to reset the cooling water temperature. The system COP under the optimal control could increase by 1.4% to 16.1% when compared with the equivalent system of fixed temperature and flow rate control for the cooling water leaving the coo ling towers. Improvement in system performance could be achieved by applying variable speed control to the condenser water pumps and the cooling tower fans. To optimize the system, the condenser water flow rate would vary in direct proportion to the chiller load. This results in the control algorithm of pump speed (Spump,op) shown in Equation (1), given that speed is directly proportional to flow rate in accordance with the pump laws. The minimum speed is set at half of the full speed (Spump,full) to ensure the minimum condenser water flow required when the chiller load in terms of part load ratio (PLR) drops to below 0.5. Spump, op = (1) Following the traditional control of cooling water temperature, the controller for tower fan speed modulation has to evaluate the optimum set point (Tctwl,op) and operates the fan at the right speed to meet that set point. Based on the analysis by F. W. Yu and K. T. Chan, it is possible to apply load-based speed control for cooling tower fans so as to achieve optimum system operation. Figure 4 shows data of the optimum fan speed at which the maximum system COP took place for a set of operating conditions in terms of various combinations of PLRs from 0.2 to 1 at 0.1 intervals and wet-bulb temperatures from 16 to 28 DegC at 4 DegC intervals. Using regression analysis, a linear relationship between the optimum fan speed (Sfan,op) and chiller PLR can be obtained as Equation (2) with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9215. Sfan,full denotes the full speed of the tower fans and the constant coefficients would be different for each specific design of the system. Sfan,op = (0.7281PLR + 0.1776) Sfan,full (2) It is expected that the load-based speed control is generic for all types of multiple-chiller systems with full or partial use of variable speed drives for the system components. The optimal control of the whole system could be highly simplified in this way as the sequencing of chillers, pumps and tower fans and their individual speed controls can be based entirely on the chiller load conditions only. The system COP under the optimal control could increase by 1.4% to 16.1% when compared with the equivalent system of fixed temperature and flow rate control for the cooling water leaving the cooling towers. Conclusion Retrofitting the existing air-cooled chiller plant with new water-cooled chiller plant could usually rectify the problems of load mismatching and low reliability of the existing chiller plant. A better system coefficient of performance (COP) and thus more energy efficient would be achieved. The application of water-cooled chiller system is more efficient than the conventional air-cooled system for as much as 35%. Implementation of the load-based speed control for the system could further increase the system COP by as much as around 16%. REFERENCES: F.W. Yu, K.T. Chan, Economic benefits of optimal control for water-cooled chiller systems serving hotels in a subtropical climate, Energy and Buildings (2009) 1-7. F.W.H. Yik, J. Burnett, I. Prescott, A study on the energy performance of three schemes for widening application of water-cooled air-conditioning systems in Hong Kong, Energy and Buildings 33 (2001) 167-182. F.W. Yu, K.T. Chan, Energy signatures for assessing the energy performance of chillers, Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) 739-746. F.W. Yu, K.T. Chan, Optimization of water-cooled chiller system with load-based speed control, Applied Energy 85 (2008) 931-950. Jerry Ackerman, What a Water-Cooled HVAC System Can Do for Your Building, Buildings 102 (3) (2008) 72-76. Jeff Strein, Air- or Water-Cooled, ASHRAE Journal (7) (2009) 11-12. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Code of Practice for Water-cooled Air Conditioning Systems, Part 1: Design, Installation and Commissioning of Cooling Towers 2006 Edition (1) (2007) 1-37. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Energy Efficiency and Conservation for Buildings 1-40. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Installations 2007 Edition 1-30. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Implementation Study for Water-cooled Air-Conditioning Systems at Wan Chai and Causeway Bay Investigation (7) (2005) 1-31. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Guidelines on Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Installations 1998 Edition 1-42. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Hong Kong Energy End-use Data 2008 (9) (2008) 1-39. Ben Erpelding, Real Efficiency of Central Plants, Heating Piping Air Conditioning Engineering (5) (2007) Trane, Implications for Chilled-Water Plant Design, Engineers Newsletter Volume 28 No. 1 1-4. W.L. Lee, Hua Chen, F.W.H. Yik, Modeling the performance characteristics of water-cooled air-conditioners, Energy and Buildings 40 (2008) 1456-1465. Electrical Mechanical Services Department, Territory-Wide Implementation Study for Water-cooled Air Conditioning Systems in Hong Kong (6) (2003) 1-28. Ramez Naguib, Total Cost of Ownership for Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Chiller Systems, ASHRAE Journal (4) (2009) 42-48. Trane, Promoting the Use of Water Cooled Air Conditioning System, Trane Newsletter 2 (9) (2005) 1-3.

Macbeth: Not All Men Are Heroic :: essays research papers

Macbeth: Not All Men Are Heroic Macbeth was written while when Scotland lacked a good Leader to defend it from a Norwasian invasion. During this dangerous situation, Macbeth stood out as the most commanding figure by defeating the rebel army. His thrill towards the witches' prophecies all confirmed his hopes of becoming the King and replacing King Duncan, who lacked the power and courage to save his country from this invasion. In this essay, I will discuss Macbeth during the many experiences that he had faced and come across and I will show how these experiences and pressures that he faced helped with the conclusion and theme of the play which yet has to be understood. The first signs that tell us of Macbeth's thoughts of becoming King were found when the King proclaimed his son, Malcolm, the heir to the Scottish throne, and Macbeth considered murder to overcome this obstacle that would prevent him from becoming the King. The prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be, Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. (Act 1:Scene 4:ln.55) When Lady Macbeth heard of her husband's success and read the letter, we almost immediately feel that a new source of power had appared in the drama. Her words reflected a great knowledge of her husband and her practical approach to problems as seen in the following two verses. Glacis thou art, and Cowdor, and shalt be What thou are promised. Yet do I fear thy nature. It is too full o' the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it. What though wouldst highly, That wouldst though holily;wouldst not play false And yet wouldst wrongly win. Thou'ldst have, great Glacis That which cries"Thus though must do,"if though have it; And that which rather thou dost fear to do Than wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear And chastise with the valor of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crowned withal. (Act 1:Scene 5:ln.14 O, never Shall sun that morrow see! Your face, my thane, is a book where men May read strange matters. To beguile the time, Look like the time;bear welcome in your eye, Your hand, your tongue, look like the innocent flower, But be the serpent under't.

Literature on HSBC Essay

Legacy HSBC Group. HSBC Bank is a key component of the HSBC group which was specifically established for trading with India and China in the hey days of the British Raj in 1865, after a necessity for the same was felt by Thomas Sutherland who identified that Hong Kong lacked local banking facilities. The bank has been primarily dominant in the Asia Pacific region and has pioneered modern banking facilities in these areas. It is now seen to take up its earlier mantle and is creating a new wave of modernised banking in the emerging economies of East and South East Asia. Based in London and with operations around the world, HSBC Holdings plc is reported to be the biggest bank and financial services banking company in the World with operations around the World in 9,500 offices and presence in 80 countries across the globe. Its share holders are said to be spread in 100 countries. HSBC Personal Banking. HSBC has a number of progressive personal banking schemes as it calls itself the Worlds local bank. (Express Banking, 2006). Some of the initiatives it has are schemes such as express banking which is designed to save time. This includes paying a bill online, thereby encouraging internet banking, use of cash machines and mobile phone top ups. (Express Banking, 2006). The bank is also extensively offering gifts for such schemes to include attractive offers as a 42 inch Phillips Plasma television for using its cash machines. (Express Banking, 2006). Its personal insurance services are similarly attempting to induce customers to go online. Thus a 10 percent discount is offered when a person buys on line car insurance. The no claims discount limit has also been raised to 70 % and there is a monthly installment option which has also been included. (Car, 2006). It has also services which can be availed by customers by providing prior intimation of their renewal dates to the bank and once again are provided attractive prizes for the same. The mortgage services offered by HSBC are also very innovative and provide not just for a loan but complete services such as mortgage offers, choices for repayments, varied interest rate option and tailoring these to the prices. (Mortgage, 2006). There are separate services on offer to first time buyers who can also remortgage as well as use the home to borrow more. Similarly the home insurance features also offer very heavy discounts for switching to HSBC Home Insurance, promise to settle claims over the phone without completion of forms and provide for replacements. HSBC Business Banking. HSBC business banking facilities are also unique. It has 12 months free banking facility extended to a current account holder which provides for borrowing at fixed rates large sums up to ?25,000. The service also includes foreign exchange rates for foreign currency payments for HSBC net customers, provides for management of trading in China and a commercial card enables a 56 days interest free credit. Banking for business is carried out through the commercial centres which provide multiple facilities to customers. For business there are other factilities that are being provided such as business internet banking as well as HSBCnet which provides larger companies with a complete range of services on the internet including invoice finance. There are a wide range of business insurance packages that have been made available by the bank, to include virtually all the possible contingencies for which insurance is required by business such as small business for turnover less than ? 1 million or less than 10 employees, commercial packaged insurance, customer packaged insurance, business car insurance and keyman insurance for prinicpals. The insurance package also covers share holders and partners, professional indemnity and trade credit. (Insurance, 2006). International Business Banking. The international services provided by the Bank include import and export bills clearance, guarantees and documentary credit. The Bank also provides many other forms of assistance to businesses to include opening of a business overseas. (International, 2006). The debit and credit card processing facilities include acceptance of debit and credit card at the place of work, over the internet, by mail order, fax or even on telephone. The finance and loans services being provided to the business by HSBC includes flexible overdraft, cash against invoices, protection against bad debts, small business loans at fixed interest rates upto ? 25000, flexible loans, financing of commercial properties, equipment, mortgages, vehicles and so on. Business managers are also provided with cash flow management services and fixed bond rates on high interest Deposit Bonds over ? 5,000. HSBCnet is an advanced service provided for businesses which enable these to carry out futuristic online banking. This is considered ideal for small businesses who do not want to invest in an internal financial management organisation. Thus it provides tools such as cash management, reporting and trading along with analytics and research. (hsbcnet, 2006). The customers are continually provided high quality services on HSBCnet such as management of foreign currency transactions as easy as domestic transaction, payments and account transfers at par with operations of a domestic account. The basic advantage provided is that a customer does not have to change his platform to access different types of services. Chapter 4 – Findings Findings are derived from qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data analysis is meant to calculate â€Å"correlations† between variables. The intention is to find relations among the variables. Correlation is a measure of the degree of linear relationship between two variables. A positive correlation occurs when both variables either increase or decrease. Negative correlation occurs, when one variable increases and the other decreases. The detailed findings of the primary and secondary research carried out based on qualitative and quantitative collation are as per succeeding paragraphs.

Fhe Inc Essays

Fhe Inc Essays Fhe Inc Essay Fhe Inc Essay A Case Study on FHE Inc. Operations Management FHE Inc. Problem Statement FHE Inc. , a manufacturer of pumps and related fluid-handling equipment is reviewing the process used to introduce new products. Key Considerations It was stated in the case that this case was prepared as basis for class discussion, not to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. All information stated in this case analysis was taken from the Operations Management Book, authored by Roger G. Schroeder 3rd Edition. Analysis 1. What steps should Donaldson take to improve the new-product development process at FHE? The steps necessary the Donaldson should take to improve the new product development process at FHE is to shift from the traditional sequential â€Å"over-the-wall† process of the new product development to concurrent process. The sequential process often results in product misalignment. Sequential process is a traditional approach where processes are done in stages or steps shown in the figure below. Product misalignment occurs when problems occur during the new product development (i. e. he manufacturing department cannot make what the engineering department specifies due to technology limitations. ) The concurrent process shows a simultaneous development process where all functions of the marketing, engineering and operations are involved from beginning to the final stage of product launch. In the first stage, marketing has a major effort but other functions also have a role. During the product design phase, marketing reduces its effort but not to zero, while engineering has the major role. Finally, operations picks up the lead as the new product is tested and launched into the market. : Concurrent process is shown below: 2. What could be done to clarify the organizational relationship between product managers, technical program managers and manufacturing managers? To clarify the organizational relationship between product managers, technical program managers and manufacturing managers is to have each department involved during each stage of the new product development. Each department doesn’t need to have same effort during each stage but to have each department involved concurrently. Not the over the wall traditional technique. 3. What can be done to better manage the workload of the engineering services department? To manage better the workload of the engineering services department, FHE should have the engineering services department participate during the marketing stage where the company need s to evaluate what are the customer needs and translating it into customer specifications using concurrent process in new product development. 4. Evaluate the plans and the expected results from the new CAD-CAM system? The plans and expected results of using the new CAD-CAM system as a way of coordinating marketing, engineering and manufacturing. Having these information system has its advantages and disadvantages. Pros * Rapid Prototyping * new products can be tested using software simulation without making it into a prototype * New products cycle would be faster using CAD-CAM process * Ease of Communication * Problems and issues can be addressed immediately between departments before specifications are relayed into the engineering department and sent to the manufacturing process * Improved Quality * Products are accurate based on what was designed by the engineering and sent to the manufacturing department Cons * Garbage in – Garbage out * If design problems are not addressed initially in the engineering department, problems will be carried on unto the manufacturing department * High Investment Costs * A single user license of the Autodesk Inventor Software can cost up to $4,999 per license not to include the training costs incurred during the implementation of the new software. * Implementation Issues * Some of the personnel are technologically challenged and cannot understand the use of the new technology for the new development process Recommendations / Conclusion FHE should adopt a new system of new product development especially they use the sequential approach. Problems cannot be addressed immediately until the product is turned over to the other department. Even stated in their gantt chart provided in the case, it clearly states the stair step method in their new product design. The concurrent process of new product design would be a better system than their current system with the aid of the CAD-CAM software to integrate new product design communications from the marketing, engineering and manufacturing department.

Why We Bombed Japan essays

Why We Bombed Japan essays The Reason for Dropping the Atomic Bomb When looking back on major historical events, often times one question arises, were our actions truly necessary at the time of the situation. One major event where this question comes up is in the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Many historians argue that dropping the atomic bomb was an unnecessary action, while others say disagree and say that it was necessary to end the war and save large amounts of American lives. The debate over this issue goes back and forth still today. During the 50th anniversary of the bombing, the debate came into the forefront of many historical and journalistic circles. Both sides can argue strong points and support their views with a great deal of information. Those who support Harry S. Trumans decision to drop the bomb as way of ending the war quickly and with few American casualties look at the information that Truman had access to at the time the decision was made, while often times those who oppose Trumans decision seem t o look at the information that they now have. The argument in this case is over a simple question motives. Trumans administration reports that the bombing, after much debate and thought of alternatives was the greatest way to end the war and save a great number of American lives. Imagine if Trumans decision was to invade the islands and thousands of Americans were lost in battle, and then reports came out that the atomic bomb would have ended the war much more quickly and without such great losses. The reverse look at this debate seems to support Trumans decision. While the opposition supports the view, that Trumans true reason for using the atomic bomb was not to end the war but to send a message to Russia and other nations that the United States was in control. There are many reports that Truman received varying estimates as to the number of casualties a full invasion o ...

Character Above All Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Character Above All - Essay Example Character tends to encompass three important traits, namely; duty, honor and country. With the development of character, there comes the realization of one’s duty towards others and the whole community. I believe that every individual bears a duty to take care of his family and the under-privileged people in his country; for example doing community service or helping out financially challenged family members. Another duty that bears great relevance in my eyes is the duty towards one’s country and to give honor to the things around us. Every individual on the planet is associated with one country that provides him an identity upon his birth; duty and honor towards such a country is no less than a spiritual conduct for one if his character traits and values are in accordance with purity and honesty. If there ever exists a threat against my country, I will consider it as my duty and honor to protect it against all possible evil intentions and respect the individuals who sp end their whole lives in doing the same. Character remains as the foremost essence of one’s reality that results in the extent of realization of one’s duty and honor to his country and other worthy things around him. An individual who does not extend his character traits to include these three aspects cannot be termed to have a worthy

Business Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business Law - Research Paper Example For any business or corporation to expand, agents are required in dealing with the third party on behalf of the employer (Jennings, 2012). Thus an agent is accorded authority to represent the principal when dealing with a third party. An agent may act implicitly or apparently, and thus the principal is bound to be liable to the agent’s actions and conducts when acted within the authorities accorded to him. The principal may also incur liability when the agent intentionally harms a third party (Jennings, 2012). The principal and the agent are liable for any loss or damages caused to the third party if the agent and principal’s identity are partially or fully undisclosed when dealing with the third party. A principal must indemnify the agent for any damages caused to third party if the agent acted within the actual authorities confided to him. The agent though, must indemnify the principal of any payments for any authorities exercised outside the stipulated actual or apparent authorities allowed. Fraud, extortion and other ills though may befall the third party when an agent assumes inherent powers by virtue of agent – third party relations. A popular and good example of this kind of scenario i s the Colorado Supreme Court case of Grease Monkey vs. Montoya (Jennings, 2012). Grease Monkey Holding Corporation is a Utah based corporation and Grease Monkey International Company is a fully owned subsidiary of Grease Monkey Holding Company. Arthur Sensenig was the President, Chief Operations Officer (COO) and Chairman of the Boards of Grease Monkey International, Inc. on a period between 1983 through 1991. He had broad authorities and acted as agent and chief officer of Grease Monkey. Sensenig was mandated with raising capital from banks and other lenders, up to $500,000 without the Boards approval (Davant, 2002). Between 1983 through 1991 Sensenig was able to extort money from Nick and Aver Montoya under the guise that it was an investment to Grease Monkey.

Classics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classics - Essay Example When the Athenians reached Melos they sent envoys to offer a proposition to the Melians. During the dialogue this proposition becomes clear. The Melians, instead of allowing the Athenian envoys to make their proposition in front of all the people of Melos, brought them before the Magistrate and the Few, giving the reason that if the Athenians come as judges in their own right, then they should be brought before those who themselves hold a judging position of what is right. However, the Athenians state that they believe the Melians to have requested a quiet audience so that they may not influence the inhabitants of Melos, this they do not mind and go about setting out their proposition. Here, we see the subtleties of politics during this era and how important the masses were in determining what happens during the war. The Melians afraid that their people would choose submission has employed a more covertness means of debate; thus, denying the people of Melos to choose their fate. The Melians see only two ways either they submit to Athenian rule and become slaves or they go to war and hope to win. However, the Athenians declare that the Melians are not completely right in their assumptions; for, the most important thing is to preserve the island of Melos. The only way to do this is to submit to Athenian rule, becoming a tributary of the Athenian empire but being left alone to carry on as before, preserving their culture and ways of living. They indicate that this would be an advantage to both parties; for, the Melians retain the safety and preservation of their country and the Athenians need not make war against them. The Melians state that they do not comprehend why they cannot remain neutral, taking neither side but being friends to Athens. The Athenians explain that if they leave Melos to remain neutral the people of the Athenian empire will either believe Melos to be very powerful or the Athenians

Herr Samsa Is Content Essay Example for Free

Herr Samsa Is Content Essay In Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, Gregor Samsa, the main character turns into an insect. Although many would argue that this transformation is literal, I would argue that Kafka uses it as a metaphor or some other form of symbol. If my theory is right, this metaphor is used as a means of portraying the dehumanisation and hence insanity of Gregor Samsa caused by the intense stress and demands of his daily job that he worries about so much. I also believe that Kafka uses the particular case of Gregor to represent a whole generation of workers that all fear the same fate. Herr Samsa, Gregors father, in particular fears this and having seen what he fears most in his son, he becomes violent and aggressive towards him; eventually delivering him a slow, gradual death. To support this argument, we find out that, even before the actual transformation, Gregor behaves strangely with regards to his work; studying train timetables for example. It is for this reason that I have decided to carry on with this idea. With Gregor dying at the end of the novella, I decided to use this metaphor of dehumanisation again and apply it to another one of the workers of the same generation as Gregors his sisters boyfriend that she has found since the Samsa family left their home to start a new life. In order for my adaptation of Kafkas extended metaphor to be successful, I have had to adopt his style of writing, something that is very particular to Kafka. Kafka uses long sentences yet keeps the novella moving at quite a fast pace. This is because he pays great attention to detail and turns each detail into something significant. Despite this, he is not particularly descriptive concerning the settings that he has chosen in Metamorphosis. This has the particular effect of rendering the scenes of Metamorphosis full of action and gripping for the reader. This is what I have tried to apply in my extension of Kafkas fantastic tale. Grete watched her father open the door, pull his feet across the mat, throw his overcoat off his shoulders and drop it on the banister. He took both his daughters shoulders, smiled at her for a moment with an expression that could only be associated with pride and then gently kissed her forehead. He then moved on to the kitchen, Grete in his footsteps. Once there, he placed his hand on his wifes shoulder, squeezed it, asked her what was for supper and, in turn, kissed her. Herr Samsa presently moved to the living room and with a pleasant sigh of relief he settled into an armchair and watched in amusement as Grete gazed fixedly at the clock on the wall counting down the seconds. At precisely five, the doorbell rang and Grete let out a little squeal of delight before glancing sheepishly at her father and rushing off to answer it. The same routine had not changed one bit for the last two months yet Herr Samsa could not complain. He knew that five was the time when he could afford himself the pleasure of watching his daughters face light up, making her even more beautiful; reminding him of the attractive and successful woman she was turning into. He had never been happier. Simple and polite but pleasant conversation came from the kitchen a mixture of questions, exclamations and quiet laughter. Following this, Grete entered with Franz who greeted Herr Samsa with a gentle inclination of his head. Ah! Franz my son! How are you? And how are things at work? asked Herr Samsa. Well, as you know sir, not too well Im afraid. We all have a ridiculous amount of work to get through and I, for one, can hardly cope. The only thing that keeps a smile on my face is the prospect of coming to visit your daughter each evening. Grete looked up at him adoringly and smiled before turning to her father with a face that begged no more talk of work matters. Accepting this, Herr Samsa looked at them both. Very well. Off you go. Thank you, sir replied Franz and he eagerly scuttled behind the beautiful young woman who led him to the parlour. Herr Samsa got up and poured himself a small glass of schnapps and settled back down into the warmth of his armchair. As he let his eyes close, he reflected upon how much better life was now. Even going back to work didnt bother him in the least. He felt healthier and fitter than he had been in a long time and he was now always able to join in with the family walks on Sundays. Franz also came with them. The four of them would walk with their arms linked, talking and laughing with a spring in their step. Thus half an hour passed very happily for Herr Samsa before he was called to join the rest of his family at the dinner table. Grete was rather sullen right throughout the meal. Her usual manner of vigorously attacking her food was not there. Eventually, whilst Gretes mother was in the kitchen, clearing the table, he asked her what the matter was. She dismissed the question with another intense stare at the table so her father thought it best to leave the matter alone. The next evening, the atmosphere at the dinner table was tense once again. Grete insisted on glaring sullenly at her plate. Again, Herr Samsa asked her what the matter was whilst his wife was busy in the kitchen. Once more, she tried to ignore him but this time, her father insisted and she lifted her face, covered in tears, before answering. Hes exhaustedI cant stand it anymorehe puts on a brave facebut with me She desperately tried to control herself but burst into tears. Frau Samsa, who had come back into the room, put her arm round her and encouraged her to go on. Gretes parents watched, bemused and shocked, for this was the first time they had seen her cry since theyd decided to restart their lives. Seeing the discomfort in her parents faces, Grete took a deep breath and started again. He doesnt complain about it but when were alone, he talks about nothing but work, almost as if he doesnt know how to talk about anything else. Just last night, instead of talking to me, he spent two whole hours studying a train timetable! And hes developed a regular twitchspasms every now and then. Hes not reallymy Franzanymore. The following evening, nothing changed. As always, Herr Samsa was met in the hallway by his daughter whom he embraced before making his way to the kitchen, in order to greet his wife. As Grete waited for the clock to approach five, she had the same anxious look on her face. But it faded and was replaced with a frown because as the hands hit five she heard a far-off cry. She glanced at her father but he obviously hadnt heard it and so she continued waiting. She was silently surprised that Franz hadnt turned up yet, despite the fact that it wasnt even a minute past yet. As she continued waiting, now perched on the arm of one of the sofas, she heard another cry, closer this time and it resembled more a scream. Yet again, Herr Samsa had not noticed but he was watching Grete with amusement as she visibly became more and more nervous as the minutes went by. Once again, a scream came from up the road. This time, it was accompanied by the smashing of a window. Grete rushed to the living room window and pressed herself up against the window to see what was going on. The last cry had even managed to reach her father and he too had jumped out of the comfort of his chair to see what was going on. Both wore anxious looks upon their faces and as more shouts of terror approached their house, Frau Samsa joined them from the kitchen, wiping the backs of her hands in her apron as she walked. Wheres Franz? she asked immediately. A look of horror crossed Gretes face as it occurred to her that the angry manifestation outside and Franzs lateness could be linked. She tried desperately to see what was going on through the living room window but the angle wasnt wide enough. A couple of flying stones and an apple came into her field of vision and with that she rushed to the front door with both her parents close behind her. It was as she grabbed the cold brass handle to pull the door open that she realised what this was. She remembered the conversation last night at the table and, sure enough, as she hastily poked her head through the door and looked down the street, she clasped her heart. Franz was there sure enough, scuttling desperately down the street, followed by an angry mob yelling at him in disgust and flinging stones of hatred at him. Before her parents were able to see anything, she ran back in, bolted the door and sunk to the floor. Bibliography à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka, translated by Malcolm Pasley, Penguin, 2000

Electronic Voting Essay examples -- Essays Papers

Electronic Voting Gunmen on the grassy knoll, AIDS, landing on the moon, chemtrails, UFO’s, CIA mind control and Waco are some of the well-known conspiracies. But what about George W. Bush’s re-election? This cynicism goes beyond political rhetoric and focuses on our ability to participate in a representative democracy. Developed by the ancient Greeks, one of the first voting systems involved dropping bronze disks into barrels. As technology progressed, the advancements in voting systems surrendered an unacceptable system that lacks accuracy despite public outcry for a paper-verified trail. A voting system has four characteristics: accuracy, anonymity, scalability, and speed. Current electronic voting machines claim to posses these qualities, but to whose standards? Perfection is not reality and human errors are inevitable. Therefore, elimination of controllable errors becomes top priority. Each state must burden this task without national standards resulting in computer technology as a quick fix to a problem. Maryland primarily uses Diebold Direct Electronic Votin...

Of Gods And Romans Essay -- essays research papers

Of Gods and Romans The Romans during the time of their Republic relied on their advanced technology, social structure, leadership and politics to achieve as much as they did. To these people, their gods affected all of these factors and the relationships mankind had with them. The contractual relationship between mankind and the gods involved each party in giving, and in return receiving services. The Romans believed that spirits residing in natural and physical objects had the power to control the processes of nature, and that man could influence these processes by symbolic action. The first is a primitive form of religious creed; the second a type of magic. The services by which the Romans hoped to influence the forces that guided their lives were firmly established in ritual - the ritual of prayer and the ritual of offering. In either case, the exact performance of the rite was essential. One slip, and you had to go back to the beginning and start again. The very multiplicity of deities caused problems, as did the gender of some of them: 'wether you be god or goddess' was a common formula in Roman prayers. The motivations of the sacrifices are what of interest. Most of the time, sacrifices took place for purification, supplication, or celebration. The purification ritual was one that was performed before battle (285). Asking for a deed to be done was very popular as well. One usually asked for victory and good fortune in battle (20). Celebration is the event that seems to be the most spectacular of all. Whether it is in joy of an enemies’ death, such as Mithridates (201), the end of illness of a leader like Pompey (218), or simply the merriment that comes after large victory, we see this in Caesar’s winnings in Gaul (264). Some sacrificial events took place in order to ask forgiveness and appeasement for defeat of a religious enemy (90 – 91). Any sacrificial routine was elaborate and messy. The head of the victim was sprinkled with wine and bits of sacred cake made from flour and salt. Then its throat was cut and it was disemboweled to ensure there was nothing untoward about its entrails. If there was, it was not only a bad omen, but the whole process had to be repeated with a fresh animal until it came out right. The vital organs were burnt upon the altar and the carcass cut into pieces and eaten on the spot, or else laid aside. Then the priest, we... ...als to changes in social conditions and attitudes. To the Romans, the observance of religious rites was a public duty rather than a private impulse. Their beliefs were founded on a variety of unconnected and often inconsistent mythological traditions, many of them derived from the Greek rather than Italian models (90 – 91). Without any basic creed to counter them, foreign religions easily made inroads into a society whose class-structure was being blurred and whose constitution was being changed by social change. The brilliance of some of the major foreign cults had considerable attraction for those brought up on homespun deities of the hearth and fields. Compare to modern society, the Romans seem extremely superstitious. But then today's major religions have all throughout their past discouraged, even combated, superstitions. Also present-day sciences and technological world allow little room for superstition. The Romans lived in an era previous to this. Their world was full of unexplained phenomena, darkness and fear. These characteristics affected every aspect of Roman life. To Romans, these superstitions were a perfectly natural part in the relationship between gods and men.